Is reconstruction or demolition of a family house better?Housing

Of course, it always depends on the technical condition, but the house requiring only minor repairs would certainly not be so convenient.Therefore.

The reconstruction of the house should not take place without building survey and assessment of statics.Often wooden ceilings are rotten and must change completely (and costly).Repair objects with disturbed foundations and supporting walls is reasonable only for exceptionally valuable buildings..

Fix or demolish?

Before the construction starts, you should know what to convert the house and also what changes will be allowed by the Building Office.Expect more complicated negotiations from the authorities especially in those cases where the projects comment on conservationists or PLA.It is then preferable for the project to consult in elaboration and defend it by the author who can professionally argue.

Sometimes the study shows that even costly reconstruction will not bring the expected result, then it will be more economical to demolish the house and build a new one in its place.

Such a case is a video: a house on a very cramped land without a garden was in a very poor technical condition.Architects Ladislav Lábus, Martin Matiska and Martina Novotná replaced it with a smaller house, a garden was built on the site of one wing.

The new house, however, honors the atmosphere of the place, follows the trail of the original building (the missing Křído replaces the brick fence), towards the street, the height of the cornice, the location of windows and doors and the position of the outdoor stairs.

House 4: If the house has nosheetitectural value, there is no reason to leave the original look.A brand new form can respect the scale and the nature of the surrounding buildings far more sensitively than the original.

If an old building does not have a specialsheetitectural value, the conversion may be so essential that it acts as a new house.It is not generally possible to determine when to maintain the original appearance, it always depends on the specific conditions and the sensitive approach of thesheetitect.

Disposition changes

However, the reconstruction should honestly admit which parts of the building are new, from the present time.Even in history it did not happen that the reconstruction would return.For example, in the Renaissance era the rebuilt Gothic house has preserved the original construction in the basement, but used for new parts the morphology of its time, ie Renaissance.

Because the old house was built in a time with another lifestyle, it cannot be assumed that the current family of its disposition would suit.A frequent obstacle to the modification is a staircase that occupies a large area and sometimes makes it impossible to connect the spaces (kitchen with living room, bathroom connection to the bedroom, etc..).

Cancel the staircase and build them in another place is not easy because the opening in the original ceilings requires complex (and expensive) static interventions.It is easier to place the stairs in an extension.Also demolition of partitions or breakdown of door or window openings in the load -bearing wall must be solved by a structural engineer.It will not only recommend a design solution or a suitable width of holes, but also measures so that the statics of the house are not endangered during construction.

Like the construction of a new house, the reconstruction of an older building should be proposed by ansheetitect.It can recognize the unchanging structures of the building and on the basis of them also possible changes in the disposition solution.Of course, it needs as much information about the static and technical condition of the building to develop a project, but the first opinion (often decisive when buying an object) will create a tour of the building or the original plans.

Depending on the extent of the reconstruction and any completion, the estimated costs will be estimated.The entire reconstruction project must be very careful, processed on the basis of a construction survey and static assessment.

It will be more laborious (and more expensive) than the project of the new house, and the construction itself can bring many unpleasant surprises.Some materials have been depreciated over time, insulation against water disintegrated, the supporting masonry lost the necessary load -bearing capacity because the mortar and the like were crumbled.

House 4: In this case, the reconstruction of the house deprived the deposits of the extensions and gave it refinement, a high standard of living and direct contact of the living space with the garden.

Disorders

The supporting structures of the house include foundations, vertical structures (walls, pillars, columns) and horizontal structures (ceilings).Their disorders occur for many reasons, and the detection and removal of the cause is the first condition of successful repair.

Otherwise, the defects will appear again, even on brand new parts of structures.For example, cracks in the original plaster can signal disturbed foundations and thus the supporting masonry.Replacing the plaster will not disappear, the new plaster will crack again, masonry cracks can further increase and endanger the stability of the whole house.

To repair a house with a disorder of foundations and load -bearing walls is very problematic and expensive.For family houses, we assume that the building will exit with extinction or disintegration of building materials.Efforts to protect everything old regardless of real value are not in place.

If the construction survey confirms sufficient load -bearing capacity, stability and safety of the supporting walls, the reconstruction or reconstruction should focus primarily on measures that will eliminate the causes of disruption and prevent further deterioration.

House 3: Even while maintaining the atmosphere of the old house, the present standard has been given the current standard.The living space in the former barn is linked to the garden with the garden, behind the small windows of the house are intimate bedrooms.

Of course, it is also necessary to protect against moisture that would penetrate the walls due to other defects of the object.The most common causes of damp masonry are impaired insulation against ground moisture, roof leakage or thermal bridges of poorly insulated facades (window and door translations unprotected by thermal insulation, incorrectly mounted window frames, etc..).It is always necessary to find out the right cause first so that the measures taken are not unnecessary.

Wooden ceiling

Almost all houses built towards the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are the most serious problem of wooden ceilings.When rainwater (roof or facade) or failures (water supply, sewerage, heating) gets into the wood that cannot dry out because the wooden beams are closed inside the ceiling structure.

Moist wood then represents the optimum environment for wood -destroying mushrooms, especially woodworm.The beams disturbed by rot loses their load -bearing capacity.Only a construction survey can use sufficient probes to determine the condition of the ceiling structures.

The occurrence of woodworms and other wood decaying organisms will confirm or safely exclude laboratory tests withdrawn samples.The beams attacked by a woodcut (including all constructions in the protection zone of approximately one meter) you must always remove and burn.

Replacement of oblique roofs with new full -fledged floors is functionally and economically justified.Figure compares the use of space above the same floor plan at an inclined roof and a flat ceiling.

The replacement of ceilings is not only expensive, but above all a statically complex intervention in the construction of the house.The stability and stiffness of the building with ceilings and partitions are involved in the same extent as the load -bearing walls.Therefore, the entire building must be provisionally secured before demolishing.

If the ceilings do not change, the entire reconstruction should exclude wet processes, especially masonry or concreting.New composition will also have new floors, partitions can be built from plasterboard or plywood.Not only original but also new wooden structures need sufficient protection against moisture (possibility of ventilation, drying), impregnation against rot and wood decaying insects and effective fire measures.

Stairs in a family house

If you build a new staircase in the house, you should know that all stages in the shoulder and the whole house must have the same height and width (outside the stairs to the cellar and the attic).Each, even a centimeter deviation disrupts the rhythm of steps and threatens to stumble.

A comfortable walking up the stairs depends on the staircase of the staircase.Walking on steep stairs is dangerous especially for small children and older people.In a family house, too steep stairs should not lead to the cellar if there are often used spaces, such as laundry, fitness, workshop or food stores.

Staircases in a family house must allow safe walking.Images illustrate why the narrower degrees are risky.The normal degree was to have a width of at least 26 cm (height 18.5 cm), the stairs to the cellar are acceptable with a width of 23 cm (height 20 cm)..

Shoulder slope determines the height ratio and width of individual degrees.The exact dimensions are determined according to the layout of the building and the structural height of the floors, but above all based on the length of the normal step (61 to 63 cm) and the length of the foot (25 to 30 cm).A suitable height and width ratio is determined by the formula: 2 heights + width = 61 to 63 cm.Comfortable stairs have a height of a degree of 15 to 18.5 cm (the width of the degree then comes around 33 to 26 cm).

The minimum shoulder width is 90 cm.The connection between the individual arms ensures the landing.It should be as wide as staircase arms.Also, if the door opens in the immediate connection to the output arm, inserted between the arm and the door of the landing.Its width is controlled by the width of the door leaf, which increases by 50 cm (in the case of opening the door to the staircase).

The spiral shoulders are designed only for places with a limited ground plan and have a inferior character in terms of operation, it should not be assumed that small children or older people will walk and that furniture can be moved after.

The width of each degree at the narrowest point at the center must not be less than 13 cm, the staircase should be right -handed to keep the walk to the right (when avoiding two people) down the wider side of the degrees.Walking down the stairs is more dangerous than up.

Without railings on the staircase will not be approved by the house.Choose a "invisible" safety glass rather than stairs without railings.Even if children do not live in your house, you are legally responsible for the injury of visits.

The topic of floors, thermal insulation of the house and the replacement of windows is described in the previous lesson of the reconstruction of the apartment.The same principles apply to the family house.The roof and the inhabited attic will be the next separate topic.

Návrh domu 1 (video): prof.Ing.sheet. Ladislav Lábus,Ing.sheet. Martin Matiska,Ing.sheet. Martina Novotná / Ladislav Lábus AANávrh domu 2: Martin Daněk,Ing.sheet. Martin Doležel,Ing.sheet.Barbora Ponešová, PhD. / ArchantiNávrh domu 3: Prof.Ing.academ.sheet. Alena Šrámková / ŠrámkovásheetitektiNávrh domu 4:MgA. Ondřej Císler / AOC,Ing.sheet. Pavel Hnilička / Pavel Hnilička ArchitektiNávrh domu 5: Pavel Plánička, Matěj Páral, Bruno Panenka / 3+1sheetitekti