Jihad's inheritance: Islamic Holy War and the fate of Muslims (I.)

Jihad's inheritance: Islamic Holy War and the Fate of Muslims (I.)

Illustrations on the cover are called "Prophet, Ali and companions during the massacre of prisoners from theJewish tribe Beni Kurajza [banu kurajza]";Author: Basil (Muhammad Rafi);Published: nineteenth century;Kashmiri, 17.sheet 108b.Reproduced with the permission of the British library.[1]

The consensual Muslim history of the Curajz massacre comes from the classic Muslim scholars of theHadis (alleged statements and deeds Muhammad, as recorded by the pious Muslim narrators), from the biographers of Muhammad (especially from Ibn Ishak).[2]The story is as follows:The Curajz have been charged with the help of the forces of Muhammad's enemies, violating the contract with him and then cut off from the world and besieged.The Kurajzs came twice with the offer to surrender, leave their fortress and leave behind their land and property.Originally asked for the opportunity to take one camel load per person but when Muhammad refused this request, they asked him to allow them to leave without any property, only with his families.But Muhammad insisted that he had to give up unconditionally and submit to his court.Driven to surrender to the surrender was taken to the medina.The men were closed to the yard with their hands tied behind their backs, and the women and children are said to have been closed in another yard.The third (and last) request for leniency was presented by Muhammad's tribal Allies of the Curajz from the AUS tribe.Muhammad rejected her again, and as a judge chose a set of Muadha from the AUS tribe, which soon passed a brief judgment: men were to be killed, women and children sold into slavery, prey divided among Muslims.

Muhammad approved the judgment by declaring that Sad's court was the court of God made from the place over seven heaven.So six to nine hundred men from the trunk was therefore on Muhammad's command taken to the medin market.Ditches were dug and men were set up.Young men who have not yet reached puberty were spared.Women and children were sold to slavery, and many of them were also distributed as gifts for Muhammad's companions.According to Muhammad's biographer Ibn Ishak, Muhammad chose one of the Curajzan women (Rahjan) for himself.The property of the Kurajz and other ownership (including weapons) was divided as prey among Muslims.The following details are recorded in Muslim sources consistently: the judge (Sad Muadh) was selected by Muhammad himself;Muhammad personally supervised cruel executions;Muhammad married a wife (Rahjan), who had previously been the wife of a member of the Kurajz tribe;Muslims have gained considerable assets thanks to the massacre (t.j.assets, income from sales enslaved);The Curajz tribe was exterminated.ProminentHanaphi lawyer AbuJusuf († 798), who was an advisor to Abasid CaliphHarun al-Marsha († 809), wrote in his work onJihad:

As he recorded m.J.Kister, Al-Towardi († 1072), another prominent lawyer from Baghdad, described the Kurajz massacre as a religious duty imposed by Muhammad.Kister quotes al-Towardi as follows: “(Muhammad) It was not allowed to forgive God's order that was posted above them;could only forgive them (offense) concerning his own person ”.[4]The concept that this massacre was sanctified by God Revelation of Muhammad is, according to Kister, the reflection of "contemporary (1986) Sunni view of the killing of Ban Kurajz".[5] W.H.T.Gairdner, which was also based solely on Muslim sources describing the Kurajz massacre, emphasizes the central role that Muhammad himself played in the event organization:

Muslims immediately after the massacre were great benefit from the Kurajz property they took as a prey.The country and property acquired have helped Muslims to acquire economic independence.Military power of the Medín Muslim society has increased thanks to the weapons acquired and the fact that women and children captured as slaves were sold for horses and other weapons, which supported the growth of the Muslim army and further conquest.The Jewish tribe of the Kurajz, on the other hand, ceased to exist.Finally, the text in Farsi, which complements the illustration (above and below it, is not reproduced for spatial reasons for spatial reasons), considering the benefit he had from the massacre of Ali:

Comment

[1] Charles Rieu, Catalog of the Persian Manuscripts in the British Museum, London, British Museum, 1966.Attachment to the Catalog of the Persian Manuscripts in the British Museum (London: British Museum Publications for the British Library, 1977), p..[2] summarized, m.J. Kister, “The Massacre of the Banu Qurayza: A Re-examination of aTradition”,Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 8 (1986): 61-96.[3] Abu Yusuf Ya’qub, Le Livre de l’import froncier, překlad Edmond Fagnan (Paříž: Paul Geuthner, 1921); překlad do angličtiny v Bat Ye’or,The Dhimmi -Jews and Christians under Islam (Cranbury, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1985), str.172-73.[4] Kister, “The Massacre of the Banu Quuryza”, p..69.[5] ibid., str 70.[6] W.H.T.Gairdner, “Muhammad Without Camouflage”, Muslim World 9 (1919): 36.[7] Translation Fatemeh MasJedi.

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